A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a woman’s uterus (womb). It is recommended for various medical reasons such as fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, chronic pelvic pain, or certain types of cancer. After a hysterectomy, a woman no longer menstruates and cannot become pregnant. Depending on the underlying condition, the surgery may involve removing just the uterus or, in some cases, the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes as well.

Hysterectomy is usually considered when other treatment options have not been successful, or when the condition is severe and affects the patient’s quality of life. It can be performed using different surgical techniques, with the two most common being Abdominal Hysterectomy and Vaginal Hysterectomy.

Abdominal Hysterectomy

An abdominal hysterectomy is performed through a surgical incision in the lower abdomen. This approach is generally chosen when the uterus is enlarged, when large fibroids are present, or if cancer is suspected and a wider surgical view is required. The incision may be horizontal (bikini cut) or vertical, depending on the medical condition.
This method allows the surgeon clear access to the pelvic organs and is preferred in complex cases. Recovery usually takes about 6–8 weeks, and patients may experience abdominal discomfort, which gradually improves with time.

Vaginal Hysterectomy

A vaginal hysterectomy involves removing the uterus through the vagina, without the need for an abdominal incision. It is often recommended for conditions like uterine prolapse or smaller fibroids. This technique usually involves less pain, quicker recovery, and fewer complications compared to abdominal hysterectomy.
Recovery time is typically 4–6 weeks, and patients often resume normal activities sooner. Since there is no external scar, cosmetic outcomes are also favorable.

Benefits of Hysterectomy:

Relief from symptoms – Eliminates problems such as heavy menstrual bleeding, severe pelvic pain, fibroids, or prolapse.
Permanent solution – Provides long-term or permanent relief when other treatments have failed.
Improved quality of life – Helps women regain comfort, energy, and confidence in daily activities.
Cancer prevention/treatment – In cases of uterine, cervical, or ovarian cancer, hysterectomy may be life-saving.
No further periods – Stops menstruation, which can be a relief for women with abnormal or painful cycles.

Risks of Hysterectomy:

Bleeding – Excessive blood loss during or after surgery.
Infection – At the incision site or internally.
Damage to nearby organs – Such as the bladder, ureters, or intestines.
Blood clots – Rare but possible, especially in the legs or lungs.
Anesthesia complications – Side effects from medicines used during surgery.
Early menopause – If ovaries are removed, leading to hormonal changes.