How Thyroid Affects Pregnancy and Fertility
Thyroid health is crucial for a woman’s reproductive system. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, menstrual cycles, and hormonal balance. Any imbalance—whether hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)—can influence fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Impact on Fertility
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Thyroid hormone imbalance can disrupt ovulation, making conception difficult.
- Hormonal Imbalance: It can affect estrogen and progesterone levels, both essential for reproduction.
- Reduced Ovarian Reserve: Long-term untreated thyroid issues may affect egg quality and reserve.
Impact on Pregnancy
- Early Miscarriage Risk: Unmanaged thyroid disorders can increase miscarriage risk in early pregnancy.
- Preterm Birth & Low Birth Weight: Thyroid dysfunction may interfere with fetal growth and development.
- Developmental Concerns: Adequate maternal thyroid hormone levels are vital for the baby’s brain and nervous system, especially in the first trimester.
Signs You Should Watch For
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Persistent fatigue or weakness
- Hair thinning
- Irregular or heavy menstrual cycles
- Difficulty conceiving
Diagnosis & Treatment
A simple blood test helps detect thyroid hormone imbalance. With timely medication and regular monitoring, most women with thyroid conditions can conceive and enjoy a safe, healthy pregnancy.
Dr. Preeti Naware’s Advice
“Women planning pregnancy or struggling with fertility should always undergo a thyroid function test. Early diagnosis and proper treatment greatly reduce complications, ensuring both mother and baby remain healthy,” advises Dr. Preeti Naware.
